PhD Yindong Fang honored with poster prize at LI CALPHAD conference in 2024 for his work on „Phase equilibria, microsegregations and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy samples processed in electromagnetic levitation facility”
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PhD Yindong Fang honored with poster prize at LI CALPHAD conference in 2024 for his work on „Phase equilibria, microsegregations and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy samples processed in electromagnetic levitation facility”
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Highlighted authors are members of the University of Jena.

  2. Reassessment of Al-Cu System Considering Metastable Extensions of Solid/Liquid Phase Equilibria

    Year of publicationPublished in:Journal of phase equilibria and diffusion Y. Fang, K. Hack, S. Lippmann
    The thermodynamic description of the Al-Cu system is reassessed considering metastable states of Al based alloys in rapid solidification. In previous work, only an improved thermodynamic description of the FCC phase was presented based on experimental results from electromagnetic levitation and simulation results for free dendritic growth to be in accordance with existing thermodynamic descriptions of the liquid phase. The phase diagram thus obtained enabled the correction of the artificial miscibility gap when calculating metastable extensions of the FCC/liquid phase equilibria, the unphysical change of the slope of the solidus line on the Al-rich side and the artificial maximum on the Cu-rich side. However, the description did not well align with the most recent experimental results on the Cu-rich side. The new description reassessing FCC, liquid and the α′-phase demonstrates high consistency with these recent experimental results, reproducing all invariant reactions (temperatures) with an accuracy of ± 4 K and the experimental liquidus line with an accuracy of ± 10 K, all well within the experimental error. The results provide a robust framework for predicting phase behavior under metastable conditions, as confirmed by our experimental data.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00027653External link

  3. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Identifikation einer Lotlegierung auf Cu-Basis zum Hartlöten mit Schmelztemperaturen unter 800°C

    Year of publication M. Salge
    Die Kombination von unterschiedlichen Materialien mit deutlich voneinander abweichenden physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie Metall-Metall (z. B. Stahl-Aluminium), Metall-Keramik oder Metall-Glas, kann Verbessungen in bestehenden Anwendungen ermöglichen oder sogar vollkommen neue Einsatzgebiete erschließen. Ein wichtiges Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Verbindungen ist das Hartlöten. Diese Technik ermöglicht stoffschlüssige, widerstandsfähige Fügeverbindungen zwischen verschiedenen Grundmaterialien ohne deren Eigenschaften nennenswert zu beeinträchtigen. Innerhalb des Legierungssystems Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn wurde über die Jahre eine Reihe von Lotlegierungen entwickelt, welche heute kommerziell zum Fügen verschiedenster Materialien verwendet werden und deren Eigenschaften bereits intensiv untersucht worden sind. Wesentliche Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Schmelztemperatur, Benetzung- bzw. Fließverhalten oder mechanischer Eigenschaften dieser Legierungen sind innerhalb des quaternären Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-Systems nicht mehr möglich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene Legierungssysteme mit zu herkömmlichen Ag-Cu-Zn-Sn-Legierungen vergleichbaren Eigenschaften hinsichtlich ihrer Phasenbildung untersucht und bewertet, inwieweit sich diese als Alternative zu standardisierten Hartloten eignen. Es werden Cu-Basislegierungen sowohl mit als auch ohne Ag hergestellt und die Auswirkung zusätzlicher Legierungselemente, insbesondere Lithium, auf Gefüge und Eigenschaften wie Schmelztemperatur, Verformbarkeit und Fließverhalten untersucht. Mit dem Ziel, die Entwicklungszeit zu verkürzen, werden für die Untersuchung der Cu-reichen Ecke des Cu-Ga-Sn-Systems Methoden der gerichteten Erstarrung genutzt. So können mit Hilfe von Temperaturgradienten hergestellten Proben in einem großen Zusammensetzungsbereich hinsichtlich des vorliegenden Gefüges, der Härte und des Schmelzbereiches untersucht werden. Zusätzlich werden mit Hilfe der CALPHAD-Methode Solidus- und Liquidusprojektionen optimiert.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00025462External link

  4. Fabrication of shallow EUV gratings on silicon by irradiation with helium ions

    Year of publicationPublished in:Nanotechnology J. Kaufmann, R. Ciesielski, K. Freiberg, M. Walther, A. Fernández Herrero, S. Lippmann, V. Soltwisch, T. Siefke, U. Zeitner
    To accurately achieve structure height differences in the range of single digit nanometres is of great importance for the fabrication of diffraction gratings for the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV). Here, structuring of silicon irradiated through a mask by a broad beam of helium ions with an energy of 30 keV was investigated as an alternative to conventional etching, which offers only limited controllability for shallow structures due to the higher rate of material removal. Utilising a broad ion beam allows for quick and cost effective fabrication. Ion fluence of the irradiations was varied in the range of 10¹⁶ ... 10¹⁷ ions · cm⁻². This enabled a fine tuning of structure height in the range of 1.00 ± 0.05 to 20 ± 1 nm, which is suitable for shallow gratings used in EUV applications. According to transmission electron microscopy investigations the observed structure shape is attributed to the formation of point defects and bubbles/cavities within the silicon. Diffraction capabilities of fabricated elements are experimentally shown at the SX700 beamline of BESSY II. Rigorous Maxwell solver simulation based on the finite-element method and rigorous coupled wave analysis are utilised to describe the experimental obtained diffraction pattern.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00023928External link

  5. Comparative Study of Experimental Methods for Measuring Thermal Properties of 100Cr6 Steel Powders

    Year of publicationPublished in:Advanced Engineering Materials J. Zhuo, H. Kohl, D. Liu, L. Matthäus, A. Bochmann, A. Berger, S. Weber, S. Nolte, S. Lippmann
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00025275External link

  6. Ultra shallow silicon EUV gratings fabricated via ion irradiation

    Year of publicationPublished in:EUV and X-Ray Optics: Synergy between Laboratory and Space IX: 7-8 April 2025, Prague, Czech Republic J. Kaufmann, R. Ciesielski, K. Freiberg, M. Walther, A. Fernández Herrero, S. Lippmann, V. Soltwisch, T. Siefke, U. Zeitner
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00026647External link

  7. Fabrication of ultra-shallow EUV gratings in silicon via ion irradiation

    Year of publicationPublished in:Advances in X-ray/EUV sources, optics, and components XX J. Kaufmann, R. Ciesielski, K. Freiberg, M. Walther, A. Herrero, S. Lippmann, V. Soltwisch, T. Siefke, U. Zeitner
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00029436External link

  8. Climate related phase transitions with moving boundaries by virtue of mushy zone investigation in Al–Cu: Experiment and phase-field modeling

    Year of publicationPublished in:Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences I. Nizovtseva, V. Ankudinov, E. Rahner, S. Lippmann
    Studying Arctic ice formation stays in the focus of research groups over the past decades in the context of ice cover changes, thermal budget and climate agenda in general. Nevertheless, the phenomenon's underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood and described. The main reason for the lack in understanding is the limited experimental access to the field data when it comes to the processes that occur below the ice floe. Thus, there is a need to build competent analogies between the natural (ocean water–ice) and laboratory (here: binary alloy) conditions of the experiment as a step of data preparation for the verification of the mathematical model. In the current paper, the existing qualitative models describing the process of melting and crystallization were expanded and the experimental method was developed copying the layering of the natural ocean water–ice mixture. The experimental set-up for studying the solidification within the intermediate zone was designed for Al–Cu alloys being the system with appropriate solidus line for creating a sufficient concentration gradient and by that temperature dependent phase fraction under isothermal conditions. The gained experimental data were used for validating a binary phase-field model for solidification considering moving boundaries. The model includes the description of the free energy of both phases and their respective diffusion coefficients. It allows modeling a binary system at a mesoscopic spatial level by including the concentration-driven phase transition and resolidification in the two-phase region. The novel results will help the quantitative understanding of solidification phenomena and are highly-evaluated from interdisciplinary point of view, including glaciology and geosciences, being ultimately significant for the understanding the global climate change landscape.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00010512External link

  9. Dendritic Si growth morphologies in highly undercooled Al–Si alloys

    Year of publicationPublished in:Journal of materials research and technology : official publication of the Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association D. Liu, Y. Fang, S. Nolte, S. Lippmann
    The morphology of primarily crystallizing Si in hypereutectic Al-(20, 40, 55) wt%Si alloys during conventional casting (nucleation undercooling ΔT<1 K) and solidification at high undercoolings (ΔT up to 335 K) has been investigated. As expected, at higher undercoolings a higher nucleation frequency and fast growth of primary Si is observed, leading to the formation of multiple microstructural zones. Instead of the well-known plate-like Si in the as-cast microstructure, various morphologies of primary Si such as faceted and non-faceted blocky morphologies as well as dendrites with aligned side branches showing constant spacing features are observed after solidification at high undercoolings. The special Si dendrites only grow in a limited range of melt concentrations and undercoolings. The transition from faceted to non-faceted growth appears to occur in several steps, as Si dendrites with similar features of the secondary arms as in non-faceted metal alloys are also observed.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00013946External link

  10. Volcanic Eruption in the Nanoworld: Efficient Oxygen Exchange at the Si/SnO₂ Interface

    Year of publicationPublished in:Small : nano micro P. Liu, A. Makarova, K. Freiberg, D. Grinter, D. Sharma, P. Ferrer, O. Chuvenkova, T. Deckert-Gaudig, S. Turishchev, S. Lippmann, V. Sivakov
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00014883External link

  11. Crystalline Microstructure, Microsegregations, and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 718 Alloy Samples Processed in Electromagnetic Levitation Facility

    Year of publicationPublished in:Crystals Y. Fang, C. Yu, N. Kropotin, M. Seyring, K. Freiberg, M. Kolbe, S. Lippmann, P. Galenko
    The solidification of Inconel 718 alloy (IN718) from undercooled liquid is studied. The solidification kinetics is evaluated in melted and undercooled droplets processed using the electromagnetic levitation (EML) technique by the temperature–time profiles and solid/liquid (S/L) interface movement during recalescence. The kinetics is monitored in real time by special pyrometrical measurements and high-speed digital camera. It is shown that the growth velocity of (Formula presented.) -phase (the primary phase in IN718), the final crystalline microstructure (dendritic and grained), and the mechanical properties (microhardness) are strongly dependent on the initial undercooling (Formula presented.) at which the samples started to solidify with the originating (Formula presented.) -phase. Particularly, with the increase in undercooling, the secondary dendrite arm spacing decreases from 28 μm to 5 μm. At small and intermediate ranges of undercooling, the solidified droplets have a dendritic crystalline microstructure. At higher undercooling values reached in the experiment, (Formula presented.) K (namely, for samples solidified with (Formula presented.) K and (Formula presented.) K), fine crystalline grains are observed instead of the dendritic structure of solidified drops. Such change in the crystalline morphology is qualitatively consistent with the behavior of crystal growth kinetics which exhibits the change from the power law to linear law at (Formula presented.) K in the velocity–undercooling relationship (measured by the advancement of the recalescence front in solidifying droplets). Study of the local mechanical properties shows that the microhardness increases with the increase in the (Formula presented.) -phase within interdendritic spacing. The obtained data are the basis for testing the theoretical and computational of multicomponent alloy samples.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00011988External link

  12. Non-destructive depth reconstruction of Al-Al₂Cu layer structure with nanometer resolution using extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography

    Year of publicationPublished in:Materials characterization: an international journal on materials structure and behavior J. Abel, J. Apell, F. Wiesner, J. Reinhard, M. Wünsche, N. Felde, G. Schmidl, J. Plentz, G. Paulus, S. Lippmann, S. Fuchs
    Non-destructive cross-sectional characterization of materials systems with a resolution in the nanometer range and the ability to allow for time-resolved in-situ studies is of great importance in material science. Here, we present such a measurements method, extreme ultraviolet coherence tomography (XCT). The method is non-destructive during sample preparation as well as during the measurement, which is distinguished by a negligible thermal load as compared to electron microscopy methods. Laser-generated radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray range is used for characterization. The measurement principle is interferometric and the signal evaluation is performed via an iterative Fourier analysis. The method is demonstrated on the metallic material system Al-Al₂Cu and compared to electron and atomic force microscopy measurements. We also present advanced reconstruction methods for XCT, which even allow for the determination of the roughness of outer and inner interfaces.
    University Bibliography Jena:
    fsu_mods_00012595External link
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